Bibliography Table by Anatomical Region
KNEE
Management of knee osteoarthritis using bone marrow aspirate concentrate: a systematic review
Authors: Filippo Migliorini, Marco Pilone, Jacopo Ascani, Luise Schäfer, Madhan Jeyaraman, Nicola Maffulli
Year: 2025
Pathology: Knee osteoarthritis
Findings: BMAC shows potential in knee OA treatment, with intra-articular injections improving function through anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects
Quality of life changes in patients suffering from knee osteoarthritis treated with bone marrow aspirate concentrate, platelet-rich plasma and hyaluronic acid injections
Authors: Oliver Dulic, Dzihan Abazovic, Sara Matijevic, Predrag Rasovic, Mirko Obradovic, Mile Bjelobrk, Milan Tosic, Ivica Lalic, Branko Baljak, Milan Milinkov
Year: 2025
Pathology: Knee osteoarthritis
Findings: BMAC may improve quality of life in knee OA patients, especially physical function, as supported by the correlation between WOMAC and SF-36 scores
Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate Injections for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Joo Hyung Han, Min Jung, Kwangho Chung, Se-Han Jung, Chong-Hyuk Choi, Sung-Hwan Kim
Year: 2024
Pathology: Knee osteoarthritis
Findings: BMAC injections demonstrated effectiveness in providing pain relief and functional improvement for patients with knee OA
Authors: Christof Pabinger, Harald Lothaller & Georg Stefan Kobinia
Year: 2024
Pathology: Knee osteoarthritis
Findings: This first long-term study on BMAC injections in KL III–IV knee OA showed significant 4-year improvements in IKDC and WOMAC scores, a 95% success rate, and better walking distance
Injection therapy in knee osteoarthritis: cortisol, hyaluronic acid, PRP, or BMAC (mesenchymal stem cell therapy)?
Authors: Christof Pabinger, Georg Stefan Kobinia, Dietmar Dammerer
Year: 2024
Pathology: Knee osteoarthritis
Findings: BMAC injections are therefore used in our institution when other injections have failed. We see impressive long-term effects: 35 of 37 patients benefit from this kind of treatment
Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate for Treatment of Primary Knee Osteoarthritis: A Prospective, Single-Center, Non-randomized Study with 2-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Madhan Jeyaraman, Naveen Jeyaraman, Swaminathan Ramasubramanian, Rajni Ranjan, Saurabh Kumar Jha, Ashim Gupta
Year: 2024
Pathology: Knee Osteoarthritis
Findings: BMAC injections offer mid-term pain and functional improvement in mild-to-moderate knee OA, but further robust long-term trials are needed to confirm routine use
Intra-articular injection of bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) or adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) for knee osteoarthritis: a prospective comparative clinical trial
Authors: Andrea Pintore, Donato Notarfrancesco, Arnaldo Zara, Antonio Oliviero, Filippo Migliorini, Francesco Oliva, Nicola Maffulli
Year: 2023
Pathology: Knee osteoarthritis
Findings: Both BMAC and ADSC injections significantly improved pain and function at 6 months in knee OA, with no significant difference between the two treatments
Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis Who Receive Platelet-Rich Plasma or Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate Injections Have Better Outcomes Than Patients Who Receive Hyaluronic Acid: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: John W Belk, Joseph J Lim, Carson Keeter, Patrick C McCulloch, Darby A Houck, Eric C McCarty, Rachel M Frank, Matthew J Kraeutler
Year: 2023
Pathology: Knee osteoarthritis
Findings: Patients undergoing treatment for knee OA with PRP or BMAC can be expected to experience improved clinical outcomes when compared with patients who receive HA
Bone marrow aspirate concentrate versus platelet-rich plasma for treating knee osteoarthritis: a one-year non-randomized retrospective comparative study
Authors: Abed El-Hakim El-Kadiry, Carlos Lumbao, Natasha Salame, Moutih Rafei, Riam Shammaa
Year: 2022
Pathology: Knee osteoarthritis
Findings: Autologous intra-articular BMAC injections are safe and more effective than PRP in reducing pain and improving function in symptomatic knee OA
Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate versus Platelet Rich Plasma or Hyaluronic Acid for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Oliver Dulic, Predrag Rasovic, Ivica Lalic, Vaso Kecojevic, Gordan Gavrilovic, Dzihan Abazovic, Dusan Maric, Mladen Miskulin, Marko Bumbasirevic
Year: 2021
Pathology: Knee Osteoarthritis
Findings: BMAC, LR-PRP, and HA are safe options for knee OA, all showing clinical improvement at 12 months. BMAC may offer superior outcomes compared to LR-PRP and HA
Minimally Manipulated Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review of Clinical Evidence
Authors: B Di Matteo, F Vandenbulcke, N D Vitale, F Iacono, K Ashmore, M Marcacci, E Kon
Year: 2019
Pathology: Knee Osteoarthritis
Findings: The use of minimally manipulated MSCs (in the form of BMAC or SVF) has been shown to be safe and have some short-term beneficial effects
Effectiveness of a single intra-articular bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) injection in patients with grade 3 and 4 knee osteoarthritis
Authors: George S Themistocleous, George D Chloros, Ioannis M Kyrantzoulis, Ioannis A Georgokostas, Marios S Themistocleous, Panayiotis J Papagelopoulos, Olga D Savvidou
Year: 2018
Pathology: Knee Osteoarthritis
Findings: A single intra-articular injection of BMAC is a safe and reliable procedure that results in clinical improvement of knee OA
HIP
Five-Year Functional Outcomes After Acetabular Labral Repair with and without Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate
Authors: Scott D Martin, Kieran S Dowley, Bilal S Siddiq, Stephen M Gillinov, Jonathan S Lee, Nathan J Cherian, Christopher T Eberlin, Michael P Kucharik, Michael C Dean
Year: 2025
Pathology: Cartilage damage
Findings: Patients undergoing acetabular labral repair with BMAC augmentation reported significantly greater functional improvements compared with patients undergoing repair without BMAC
Safety and Efficacy of Bone-Marrow Aspirate Concentrate in Hip Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review of Current Clinical Evidence
Authors: Sushma Chandrashekar, Madhan Jeyaraman, Prabu Mounissamy, Naveen Jeyaraman, Manish Khanna, Ashim Gupta
Year: 2024
Pathology: Hip OA
Findings: BMAC administration is safe and may reduce pain and improve function and quality of life in hip OA patients short- to mid-term, but more robust long-term studies are needed to confirm its efficacy and safety
Regenerative therapies for femoral head necrosis in the past two decades: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Xiaole Wang, Liyou Hu, Bo Wei, Jian Wang, Decai Hou, Xiaolei Deng
Year: 2024
Pathology: femoral head necrosis
Findings: Our NMA found MSCs and BMAC most effective in preventing ONFH progression and need for THA, especially when combined with core decompression
Hip Arthroscopy With Bone Marrow Aspirate Injection for Patients With Symptomatic Labral Tears and Early Degenerative Changes Shows Similar Improvement Compared With Patients Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy With Symptomatic Labral Tears Without Arthritis
Authors: Molly A Day, Kyle J Hancock, Ryan S Selley, Reena Olsen, Anil S Ranawat, Benedict U Nwachukwu, Bryan T Kelly, Danyal H Nawabi
Year: 2023
Pathology: symptomatic labral tears
Findings: BMAC treatment during labral repair improves functional outcomes and outperforms microfracture in patients with cartilage damage
Harvest and Application of Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate to Address Acetabular Chondral Damage During Hip Arthroscopy
Authors: Scott D Martin, Christopher T Eberlin, Michael P Kucharik, Nathan J Cherian
Year: 2023
Pathology: cartilage damage, full-thickness chondral flaps
Findings: BMAC during labral repair leads to better functional recovery than no treatment or microfracture
Hip Arthroscopy in Patients with Early Degeneration Who Receive Intra-Articular Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate Can Achieve Outcomes Similar to Nonarthritic Patients
Authors: Matthew J Hartwell, Alan L Zhang
Year: 2023
Pathology: Hip degeneration
Findings: BMAC use in early hip degeneration shows short-term benefits in function and pain, but long-term effects and impact on osteoarthritis progression are still unclear
Functional Outcomes of Arthroscopic Acetabular Labral Repair with and without Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate
Authors: Scott D.Martin, Michael P Kucharik, Paul F Abraham, Mark R Nazal, Wendy M Meek, Nathan H Varady
Year: 2022
Pathology: cartilage injury
Findings: Patients with moderate cartilage injury treated with BMAC during arthroscopic labral repair experienced significantly better functional improvements than those without BMAC
Treatment of Full-Thickness Acetabular Chondral Flaps During Hip Arthroscopy: Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate Versus Microfracture
Authors: Michael P Kucharik, Paul F Abraham, Mark R Nazal, Nathan H Varady, Christopher T Eberlin, Wendy M Meek, Sara A Naessig, Scott D Martin
Year: 2021
Pathology: full-thickness chondral flaps
Findings: Flaps showed better functional improvement at 12 months when treated with BMAC compared to microfracture
The use of biologics to improve patient-reported outcomes in hip preservation
Authors: Spencer W Sullivan, Oluwatobi M Aladesuru, Anil S Ranawat, Benedict U Nwachukwu
Year: 2021
Pathology: hip osteoarthritis, femoroacetabular impingement syndrome and associated labral tear pathology, avascular necrosis of the femoral head and gluteal/hamstring tendinopathy
Findings: BMAC use is linked to improved osteochondral repair, with better defect filling and tissue quality than microfracture in ankle and knee. In knee OA, a single BMAC injection showed long-term pain relief and functional improvement
SHOULDER
Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate Harvest Techniques for the Sports Medicine Surgeon
Authors: Sachin Allahabadi, Harkirat Jawanda, Zeeshan A Khan, Christopher M Brusalis, Jorge Chahla, Brian J Cole, Nikhil N Verma
Year: 2024
Pathology: sports medicine procedures in proximal tibia, proximal humerus, and anterior superior iliac spine
Findings: Promising results of BMAC augmentation have been seen in a variety of sports medicine–related procedures
Bone-marrow-based augmentation in rotator cuff repair – from microfracture to bone marrow aspirate concentrate
Authors: Marco-Christopher Rupp, Zeeshan A. Khan, Juan Villarreal, Nikhil Verma, Jorge Chahla
Year: 2024
Pathology: Rotator Cuff Tears
Findings: Bone marrow aspirate concentrate is a more advanced biological augmentation cytokines, thereby potentially improving tendon integrity and reducing re-tear rates
Percutaneous bone marrow concentrate and platelet products versus exercise therapy for the treatment of rotator cuff tears: a randomized controlled, crossover trial with 2-year follow-up
Authors: Christopher J. Centeno, Zachary Fausel, Ehren Dodson, Dustin R. Berger & Neven J. Steinmetz
Year: 2024
Pathology: Rotator Cuff Tears
Findings: Patients reported significantly greater changes in function, pain, and overall improvement following BMC treatment compared to exercise therapy for high grade partial and full thickness supraspinatus tears
Prospective Randomized Trial of Biologic Augmentation with Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate in Patients Undergoing Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Brian J Cole, Joshua T Kaiser, Kyle R Wagner, Lakshmanan Sivasundaram, R Stephen Otte, Tracy M Tauro, Gregory M White, Michael L Ralls, Adam B Yanke, Brian Forsythe, Anthony A Romeo, Nikhil N Verma
Year: 2023
Pathology: Rotator Cuff Tears
Findings: cBMA-augmented aRCR of isolated supraspinatus tendon tears may result in a structurally superior repair
FOOT & ANKLE
Autologous bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells are safe for the treatment of Achilles tendinopathy
Authors: Andrew J Goldberg, Lorenzo Masci, Paul O’Donnell, Ruth Green, Deirdre Brooking, Paul Bassett, Mark W Lowdell, Roger K W Smith
Year: 2024
Pathology: Achilles tendinopathy
Findings: Safety of autologous MSC injection for non-insertional Achilles tendinopathy and provides proof-of-concept of the technique in patients, all of whom had previously failed conservative treatments for chronic disease and leads the way for a larger randomised controlled trial
Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate Improves Outcomes in Adults With Osteochondral Dissecans of the Talus and Achilles Rupture
Authors: Raffael Marum Bachir, Isabella Martins Zaia, Gabriel Silva Santos, Lucas Furtado da Fonseca, Guilherme Boni, Rodrigo Fernando Guercia, Gabriel Ferraz Ferreira, José Fabio Santos Duarte Lana
Year: 2023
Pathology: Osteochondral Dissecans of the Talus and Achilles Rupture
Findings: Evidence indicates that BMAC provides good clinical results, with improved function and reduced pain in adults with OCL and cartilage lesions of the talus and acute Achilles tendon rupture
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells: A promising therapeutic option for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Ganesh Dama, Jiang Du, Xinxing Zhu, Yanli Liu, Juntang Lin
Year: 2023
Pathology: Diabetic foot ulcers
Findings: BMSC transplantation exhibits promising therapeutic potential in DFU treatment
Outcomes of iliac crest bone marrow aspirate injection for the treatment of recalcitrant Achilles tendinopathy
Authors: Wisutthinee Thueakthong, Cesar de Cesar Netto, Apiporn Garnjanagoonchorn, Jonathan Day, Guy Friedman, Harry Auster, Eric Tan, Lew C Schon
Year: 2021
Pathology: Achilles tendinopathy
Findings: Iliac crest BMA is a safe and effective option for Achilles tendinopathy, providing lasting pain relief without complications