Bibliography Table for Pathology
Genitourinary Syndrome (GSM), or Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (Vulvovaginal Atrophy)
Microfat and Nanofat Grafting in Genital Rejuvenation
Authors: Sophie Menkes, Mounia SidAhmed-Mezi, Jean Paul Meningaud, Laurent Benadiba, Guy Magalon, Barbara Hersant
Year: 2021
Pathology: Vulvovaginal Atrophy / GSM
Findings: Significant improvement in VHI and FSFI scores up to 18 months post-treatment.
Injection Treatments for Vulvovaginal Atrophy of Menopause: A Systematic Review
Authors: Felice Moccia, Paola Pentangelo, Alessandra Ceccaroni, Antonio Raffone, Luigi Losco, Carmine Alfano
Year: 2023
Pathology: Vulvovaginal Atrophy / GSM
Findings: Systematic review: micro/nano fat + PRP significantly improve GSM-related symptoms.
Lichen Sclerosus
Autologous nanofat grafting in the managenent of complex lichen sclerosus urethral stricture
Authors: E. Berdondini, L. Tosco, F. Germinale, M. Kurti, A. Sica, G. Muto, A. Giacobbe, F. Cavacece, D. Collura, G. Muto
Year: 2022
Pathology: Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus
Findings: improvement of tissues quality and restore of urinary flow, disappearance of symptoms
Fat Grafting in Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus: Long Term Follow-Up
Authors: Veronica Boero, Massimiliano Brambilla, Eugenia Di Loreto, Giulia Emily Cetera,
Sonia Cipriani, Francesca Boggio, Ermelinda Monti, Giada Libutti, Carlotta Caia, Fabio Parazzini
Year: 2023
Pathology: Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus
Findings: patient satisfaction with fat grafting is detectable up to 11 years after surgery. Significant improvement in symptoms (itching, burning, dyspareunia), better sexual and psychological outcomes, stable vulvar anatomy, reduced steroid use, and improved or stable histological findings.
Autologous lipoaspirate as a new treatment of vulvar lichen sclerosus: A review on literature
Authors: Nanouk van der Sluis, Esther C A H Scheers, Guido Krenning, Berend van der Lei, Maaike H M Oonk, Joris A van Dongen
Year: 2022
Pathology: Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus
Findings: relieve of clinical symptoms and an improvement of QoL.
Unlocking the Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Gynecology: Where Are We Now?
Authors: Ivana Erceg Ivkošić, Rajko Fureš, Vesna Ćosić, Nika Mikelin, Luka Bulić, Domagoj Dobranić, Petar Brlek, Dragan Primorac
Year: 2022
Pathology: Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus, Asherman Syndrome (AS), Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM), Rectovaginal Fistulas, Various
Findings: The use of mesenchymal stem cells is safe, has long-term and promising results, and provides multiple regenerative, angiogenic, immunomodulatory, analgesic, and antimicrobial (anti-inflammatory) effects.
Autologous lipoaspirate as a new treatment of vulvar lichen sclerosus: A review on literature
Authors: Nanouk van der Sluis, Esther C.A.H. Scheers, Guido Krenning, Berend van der Lei, Maaike H.M. Oonk, Joris A. van Dongen
Year: 2022
Pathology: Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus
Findings: Improved skin texture and vulvar elasticity
The Role of Nanofat Grafting in Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Serena Tamburino, Giuseppe AG Lombardo, Maria Stella Tarico, Rosario Emanuele Perrotta
Year: 2015
Pathology: Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus
Findings: Clinical improvements in tissue quality and reduction of inflammation in vulvar LS.
Authors: E. Berdondini & All
Year: 2020
Pathology: Lichen Sclerosus
Findings: clinical applications of fat grafting continue to expand for their regenerative effects. Its popularity is casued by the tissue quality improvement, low cost, low donor site morbidity, high levels of accessibility, availability and 100% biocom-patibility. The ANG represents a new treatement in the management of LS disease.
Postpartum or surgical scars
Nanofat Grafting for Scar Treatment and Skin Quality Improvement
Authors: Semra Uyulmaz, MD, Nadia Sanchez Macedo, PhD, Farid Rezaeian, MD, Pietro Giovanoli, MD, Nicole Lindenblatt, MD
Year: 2018
Pathology: Postpartum or Surgical Scars
Findings: Increased skin quality and collagen remodeling, useful also for vulvar scars.
Wide Vagina
Microfat and Nanofat Grafting in Genital Rejuvenation
Authors: Sophie Menkes, Mounia SidAhmed-Mezi, Jean Paul Meningaud, Laurent Benadiba, Guy Magalon, Barbara Hersant
Year: 2021
Pathology: “Wide Vagina” / Hypotonia and Atrophy
Findings: Increased tone and mucosal thickness, improvement in sexual sensitivity and satisfaction. Improvement in sexual function assessed by FSFI score.
Stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Xiaochun Liu, Shiwei Wang, Suhui Wu, Qian Hao, Ying Li, Zhuodan Guo & Wenzhen Wang
Year: 2018
Pathology: Stress Urinary Incontinence
Findings: adMSC-Exos increased type I collagen contents by increasing collagen synthesis and decreasing collagen degradation in vaginal fibroblasts from women with SUI. adMSC-Exos may be a novel therapeutic approach for treating SUI.
Authors: Chunyun Fang, Zitao Zeng, Junsong Ye, Bin Ni, Junrong Zou & Guoxi Zhang
Year: 2025
Pathology: Stress Urinary Incontinence
Findings: research on MSCs regulating target cell signaling pathways to reshape ECM in the treatment of SUI may emerge as a mainstream direction with broad prospects. In summary, MSCs hold the potential to cure SUI, and the underlying mechanisms are likely to be progressively elucidated.
Authors: Mariano Garcia-Arranz, Sergio Alonso-Gregorio, Pamela Fontana-Portella, Elena Bravo, Jesus Diez Sebastian, María Eugenia Fernandez-Santos, Damian Garcia-Olmo
Year: 2020
Pathology: Urinary Incontinence
Findings: ASC therapy is a feasible and safe therapy from all points of view for the treatment of urinary incontinence in men and women, a finding that was the main objective of our trial.
Stem-cell therapy in stress urinary incontinence: A review
Authors: Li, Pei-Chen; Ding, Dah-Ching
Year: 2023
Pathology: Stress Urinary Incontinence
Findings: ASCs may be the most promising cell source due to a lot of fat tissue in human body, easy to harvest, and have excellent differentiation capabilities. Transurethral and transvaginal-periurethral (urethroscope guided) injection may be a preferred method of injection.
Vulvodynia
Authors: Ya-Wei Lai, Sheng-Hua Wu, Ping-Ruey Chou, Che Lin, Jwu-Lai Yeh, Tsai-Ming Lin, Chee-Yin Chai, Meng-Chien Willie Hsieh, Shu-Hung Huang
Year: 2023
Pathology: Various female genital conditions
Findings: AFG performed through MAFT in the vulvovaginal area may help manage sexual function-related problems in females. In addition, this technique improves aesthetics, restores tissue volume, alleviates dyspareunia with lubrication, and reduces scar tissue pain.
Preliminary evidence
Preliminary Evidence on the Use of Autologous Fat in Painful Vulvar Conditions Tissue Regeneration and Pain Reduction
A study highlighted that vulvovaginal lipofilling led to a significant improvement in sexual function, with increased collagen synthesis, angiogenesis, and estrogen receptors, as well as a reduction in proteins associated with neuropathic pain.
Potential Mechanisms of Action
Autologous fat contains mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue (ADSCs), which may contribute to tissue regeneration through:
Modulation of inflammation: reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines
Promotion of angiogenesis: formation of new blood vessels
Stimulation of collagen synthesis: improvement of tissue structure and elasticity
These effects could theoretically alleviate symptoms of vulvodynia, but further research is needed to confirm the efficacy of this therapy in this context.
Conclusion
Although there are no specific clinical studies on the use of autologous fat in vulvodynia, preliminary evidence in the treatment of similar conditions suggests therapeutic potential. Further studies are required to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this therapy in vulvodynia.